1. Hit rack at an angle
2. Hit corner balls
3. Traditional break ball position rules
a. Cueball closer to rail than break ball use follow
b. Cueball even with break ball use center
c. Break ball closer to rail than cueball use draw
My question comes down to this. When I'm not sticking to the rack I don't know why and when I'm sticking to the rack I don't know why. I'm just looking for a general principle for what to look for once the cueball strikes the object ball
Okay, I see where your issues are. No, I don't think there are a complete list of guidelines in writing because of all of the combinations of possibilities.
You're missing a few variables in your premises. Yes, the angle of the break shot is important, but you must also consider whether the cue ball is hitting into a ball in the pack full in the face, or partially, particularly when the cue ball and object ball are even with each other or near-even.
Some basic premises:
For traditional break shots: CB and OB in the same line or close to it, near the rack.
Hitting a ball in the rack full in the face --- you probably won't scratch so you can use follow. If you stun the cue ball, you may stick, depending on the angle. If you draw, the cue ball will probably draw all the way down table to the back rail. Some players like to draw this shot all the way to the back rail and back to the middle of the table. It's easier to do than it sounds.
The cue ball hits the pack between two balls --- Stay away from top spin or stun. There's a potential scratch in the corner. The safest shot is to draw the cue ball. If it hits between two balls it will draw off the side rail.
Also, as you wrote, where the cue ball hits in the pack matters as well. If you shoot into the middle of the rack, you will experience more resistance and will increase your probability of sticking if you stun the ball.
Behind the rack break shots are a different animal and require a different set of rules. I suggest that you focus on the side of the rack shots first.
Also experiment with one tip of outside English on those break shots. Then try two tips and see what it gives you.