3/8-10 joint and 3/8-11 joint?

they do not interchange

The "number" refers to the number of threads per inch, or what is called the "pitch". The larger the number, the finer the thread. And no, you cannot screw the two together without destroying one or both of the pieces, in this case the female threads in the shaft will most likely be destroyed as they are soft, usually wood threads. The metal screw is much harder and stronger and will rip up the soft shaft threads if the two are not the same pitch. The shape of the two threads are sometimes not the same either but that may be more detail than we need here.
 
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