History of the rules for pool

Bob Jewett

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The first written rules in English for billiard games were in Charles Cotton's "The Compleat Gamester", published in 1674 in London. Modern reprints are available for under $40, and scanned versions are available online.

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During the late 19th and first half of the 20th century, Brunswick (or the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Co.) was the de facto governing body of both carom and pocket billiards in the US, and published many editions of their version of the rules. After World War II, a separate organization was formed, first called the Billiard Association of America (BAA), and then the Billiard Congress of America (BCA). They wrote and published rule books in roughly the same format from 1945 to the present.

In 1987 the World Pool Association was formed as the world governing body for pool with the BCA as the North American member. In 1993 and 1994, the WPA published the first edition of the World Standardized Rules (WSR), which were based on the BCA rules. The BCA continued publishing its rulebook, including the WSR for the major disciplines from 1993 on.

The WSR had major revisions that took effect in 2008 and 2026, with a minor revision in 2016.
 
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Here is a list of the rule books printed by the BAA and the BCA from 1945 on. Some years there was no book printed and some years there was more than one version. Some differences were as minor as a different ad on the rear cover. A 2026 printing is planned, but I have not seen it yet.

Checklist of BAA/BCA rule books
___ 1945 B. A. A. rulebook, green/black/white cover, photos of people on back, $0.25 list
___ 1946 B. A. A. rulebook, green/black/white cover, $0.25 list back like 1945
___ 1946 B. A. A. rulebook, green/black/white cover, $0.25 list, Brunswick only back
___ 1946 B. A. A. rulebook, green/black/white cover, $0.25 list, Brunswick and BAA back
Billiard Congress of America:
___ 1948 -- 35 cents, pale green/black/white cover bridge/stick/ball, back like 1945
___ 1948 -- 35 cents, pale green/black/white cover bridge/stick/ball, Centennial on back
___ 1950 -- 50 cents, green/black/white cover bridge/stick/ball
___ 1953 -- 50 cents, red/black/white cover bridge/stick/ball
___ 1956 -- 50 cents, blue/black/white cover bridge/stick/ball
___ 1958 -- forest green geometrical cover, 75 cent
___ 1959 -- black/orange geometrical cover, $1 list,
___ 1959 -- black/red later printing, "Series #A-8" lists 1961 champs, $1
___ 1961 -- black/green geometrical, $1 list, champs thru 1960 only!
___ 1962 -- "$1", red/black cover, series #A-9
___ 1962 -- "$1", "Series #A-10", green/black cover
___ 1963 -- Red/black cover, "$1", "Series #A-10"
___ 1963 -- Red/black cover, "$1.25", "Series #A-10"
___ 1965 -- light blue, new design, $1.25 list, flat spine
___ 1966 -- light blue, $1.25 list, stapled spine
___ 1967 -- (orange cover w/player sketches), $1.25
___ 1968 -- (Caras and Wise on cover), $1.25
___ 1970 -- olive green cover, perspective square, $1.25
___ 1971 -- red cover, 4-balls design, no price
___ 1971 -- red cover, 4-balls design, $1.25
___ 1974 -- blue/black/white cover, $1.95 list on cover (card bound in?)
___ 1974 -- blue/black/white cover, $1.95 list not on cover (card bound in?)
___ 1977 -- photo children at table w/ camel colored cloth, no price
___ 1977 -- photo children at table w/ camel colored cloth, $1.95
___ 1978 -- yellow title, color balls, diamond grid
___ 1980 -- color photo of group in celebration
___ 1982 -- red balls on green table, white cues
___ 1985 -- red (3,11) and black(8) on green background (pp94-95 blank in some)
___ 1986 -- white cover, red and blue balls and triangle
___ 1988 -- Green cover with title inside of inverted triangle
___ 1988 -- Blue cover with title inside of inverted triangle
___ 1990 -- lime green w/white print, ISBN 1878493000
___ 1991 -- dark blue/green/white cover, ISBN 1878493019
___ 1992 -- green cover, red balls, brown stick, ISBN 1-878493-02-7
___ 1992 -- ISBN: 1558211896 Globe Pequot Press, 1st, 2nd printing (4th thin paper)
___ 1992 -- ditto, reversed cover (see 14 ball), $10.95 on back, 7th
___ 1992 -- ditto, other cover variation, esp. spine, 13th
___ 1993 -- red balls, brown stick-on green field with black border
___ 1994 -- solid blue ball and yellow and green stripes ISBN 1878493043
___ 1995 -- aqua table, orange/purple/red balls, brown stick, ISBN 1878493051
___ 1996 -- close up of 1,2,3 and 8 balls on green ISBN 187849306X
___ 1996 -- with Spanish translation before English vers., same ISBN, cover like 1997
___ 1996 -- with German translation before English vers., same ISBN, cover like 1997
___ 1997 -- same design as 1996 on burgundy ISBN 1878493078
___ 1998 – sepia tone of table, box of ball, cue, clock,... ISBN 1878493086
___ 1998 -- HB 50th anniv. commemorative also ISBN 1878493086
___ 1999 -- cover mostly black, gauzy picture of table, ISBN 1878493094
___ 2000 -- cue ball, 8 and 9 balls with international flags, ISBN 1878493108
___ 2001 -- postage stamps on cover, ISBN 1878493116
___ 2002 -- 8,9 and 12 balls on green cloth table, ISBN 1878493124
___ 2002 -- spiral bound for referees, same ISBN
___ 2003 -- group with table and 10 or 12 balls, green bkgrnd, ISBN 1878493132
___ 2003 -- spiral bound for referees, same ISBN
___ 2004 -- family at home table, green tone bkgrnd, ISBN 1878493140
___ 2004 -- ditto, spiral bound
___ 2005 -- most of 8 Ball rack, dark green bkgrnd, ISBN 1878493159
___ 2005 -- printed by Lyons Press, R.A.Dyer foreword, $10.95 ISBN 15922874412
___ 2006 -- couple and separate kid pics ISBN 1878493167
___ 2007 -- grainy ball - mostly stripes ISBN 1878493175
___ 2008 – black + golf(?) table, ISBN 1-878493-18-3
___ 2011 – black, table with gray cloth
___ 2014 – dark blue w/balls, ISBN 1-878493-20-5
___ 2017/18 – white w/balls, ISBN 1-878493-21-3
___ 2021/22 – green cloth and balls, ISBN 1-878493-22-4 $10.90 list

2026?
 
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