What is the best spindle speed (not longitudenal) for smoothest final pass? I have been all over the place on this, even useing my back gears. But i have never really established what i think is perfect.
There is no right answer. Just as you have been all over the place so have I. Too fast and you can create chatter and too slow and you can create harmonic vibration. The speed of the spindle will also have to be just right to the cutter travel speed. The type bit used effects things also. So I could give a general range of 100 to 200 rpms and say it should fall in there somewhere. But that is about as close as you can get without weighing in all factors.
where the cutter is located height wise on the wood and the direction associated with rotation and if it is a clean or crawl cut. Many different factors.
If you are talking about the cutter, as fast as you can safely spin the tool.
If you are talking about the rotation of the wood itself, Slower will be smoother, but when you get down below 60 rpm or so, your feed has to be really slow too.