Here is a set of articles on how it works. The articles you need are on squirt and throw.
http://www.billiards.colostate.edu/bd_articles/
The following article has a good picture on the page 3 illustrating what really happens with balls:
http://www.billiards.colostate.edu/bd_articles/2007/aug07.pdf
You need to know that the trajectory of the object ball (which may not necessary be a straight line) depends on the following factors:
1. Direction of the cue ball
2. The contact point
3. The speed of the cue ball (how hard the stoke is made)
4. The spin of the cue ball
5. The angle of the cue towards the table (e.g. see instructions how masse shot is performed where the object ball trajectory is extremely curved)
and then
6. Table cloth
7. Cue
8. Balls material and condition
9. Did I forget anything?
So, the best way is to make some tests to see how it works. Make everything the same, like angle, speed, spin, see what happens. Then change the spin only. Where did the object ball go?
In the articles above all these effects are discussed in very detail. As of English, there are different types of English, like natural, reverse, etc. Adjustments are different for those, but you can figure out yourself, making experiments. You will have to train your brain to identify required adjustments.
The key to controlling these effects is stroke consistency and practice of course.