I have to admit that that is a hard question to answer , He told me that he makes these in his shop from start to finish, He has a guy who helps him and they make sure everything is right on. Now , at that price I do think that these are built as cost effective as possible . But then again a lot of factory made cues are I assume. I read were a guy visited his shop and he had a extremely huge amount of beautiful wood for butts and shafts. But he could do what Martin Guitar did with the Shenandoah line back in the 80's , they would import every component from japan and finish in Nazareth so they could say assembled in USA. I hope to get to try it out in a day or 2 , everywhere I play is down due to virus . But the Butt is flawless and looks as nice as any I have seen . The Finish is beautiful . The wrap is sweet . The shaft not so fond of due to taper , to thick .