Wholesale on 14k yellow Italian solid gold jewelry is $8-$11/gram.
Wholesale on 18k yellow Italian solid gold jewelry is $9.50-$13/gram.
Complex hollow metal chains, such as wheat, omega, etruscan, box, and others are slightly more per gram than solid pieces and solid chanis like figaro.
The average retail price is triple wholesale in the jewelry industry, and is known by the term "triple keystone".
Pawn shop buy prices are 1/10 wholesale. Melt value (what a jeweler would pay you for miscellaneous gold), is about half of the pawnshop buy price.
Precious metal jewelry is all priced by weight unless the pieces are one of a kind, and then anything goes. The percentage of one of a kind jewelry sold in the US is negligable.
99.9% of the gold jewelry sold in the US is Italian, as are the items listed here.
18k and especially 14k, and 10k gold jewelry is not considered "fine" jewelry by aficionados. Real gold starts at 20k.