Professional players hit the cue ball on a break shot at about 25 mph. From an article by Dr. George Onoda:
I analyzed video tapes of some of the matches in the 1986 Resorts International tournament, and the 1987 Brunswick 9-Ball Team Challenge. (Players involved in the tapes included Mike Sigel, Jim Rempe, Allen Hopkins, Steve Mizerak, Nick Varner and Jose Garcia.) The speed of break shots ranged from 22 to 26 MPH, the average being 24 MPH. The top speed of 26 MPH was recorded for several break shots by Mike Sigel. At this speed, the cue ball reached the one ball in 0.12 seconds. The speeds of break shots in several women professionals were also measured, using a tape of the Brunswick Team Challenge. In one break shot Jean Balukas propelled the ball at 22 MPH. Ewa Mataya, Belinda Bearden and Loree Jon Jones typically had speeds between 18 and 21 MPH. From this small sampling, the women's speed were on the average around 20 MPH, which is about 83 percent of the average for the men.
George Onoda. 1989.
Faster Than A Speeding Bullet? How fast does the cue ball really travel on a typical break shot? Billiards Digest, May/June 1989: 34.
See attached.