I don't know the history of Centennials but the biggest difference between the OP's questoned set and current/recent Centennials is the placement of the numeral on the striped balls, inside the stripe vs. not.
I checked centennials made in the late 60's and going back to turn of century. the original "dart" ball set had numbers outside of the stripe.
These are definatly Raschig balls
Yeah, as far back as I can remember the striped balls of the Cents always had the number on the white background. My understanding was this was so that when spotting a ball you could do so with the stripe on the horizontal axis and therefore the shooter would have no easy visual reference for the point of contact. At least that's how I've always spotted them.