Question: Are all/most miscues fouls? I’ve heard this before, and I think Dr Dave has said this.
I think it is possible for a miscue to not involve sliding contact and secondary hits, but every single type of miscue I have seen in super slow motion clearly shows sliding contact and secondary hits from the tip, ferrule, and/or shaft. So every miscue I have seen in super slow motion has technically been a foul. Many examples can be found in the videos here:
But in my experience, the vast majority of miscues leave a hard spot of chalk on the cue ball and a blank spot on the cue tip. You need to scrape the chalk off the cue ball with your fingernail because it doesn’t just rub off like normal, and you need to re-chalk your tip in one very visible spot. That would not be a foul because the bad contact clearly occurred on the tip - that’s why the chalk has been heavily imprinted on the cue ball. It just happened on the outside of the tip. Of course secondary contact on the shaft or ferrule does happen, but in my experience the “edge of tip” miscue occurs much more often. You can hear the miscue, and it throws off the shot, but there’s no shaft or ferrule contact.
The chalk mark on the CB comes from the sliding contact. The secondary contact with the tip, ferrule, and/or shaft occur after that.