It's possible with a plugged cue ball
Wondered if its possible or if anybody has seen someone split or crack the cue ball during any match?
If by the word "detonate" you mean as in fragments and shards all over the place? No. I don't think it's possible. You would need an explosive charge inside the ball, or else a heck of a lot of kinetic energy externally, to do that -- far beyond a human arm's abilities with a swinging cue.
But, I have seen, with my own eyes and arm, knocking the plug out of a plugged bartable cue ball. It was a long time ago in Norfolk, VA (mid-1980s when I was stationed there in the Navy), but I was in the live music club "On Stage" (just outside the gates of the Norfolk navy base). I was playing a regular some cheap racks of 8-ball, and I broke really hard one rack -- I mean, I REALLY layed into it, wrist-snap, forward lunge, back foot kicking into the air and all. Ka-BOOM! The cue ball hit the head ball of the rack, and a split second later, one of the fluorescent tubes in the overhead table light exploded, sending that white powder all over the place. The cue ball lay on the table, wobbling back and forth like one of those "Weeble" toys, with a huge perfectly round sink-hole on top, exposing the metal core of the cue ball. At first, we thought the cue ball itself jumped up into the light. But we ruled that out when we saw that if the cue ball did go up into the light, it was too big to knock out only one of the three fluorescent tubes. On the floor right beside the table, we found the plug that popped out of the cue ball and bulleted into the overhead light.
Now to this day, I don't know if that happened because the cue ball's plug was weak, or I had a once-in-a-lifetime surge of "superhuman" strength (the same kind resulting from adrenalin -- when an old lady lifts a car off of someone trapped underneath), or what. Personally, I think it was the former. But what I can tell you is that the owner of "On Stage" at that time built a little display case with that disemboweled cue ball and its plug, against a backdrop photo of the mess that the shatter fluorescent tube left on the table. And he displayed that on a wall of the establishment all the way until the day I left the Norfolk, VA area in 1990.
So I'd say this is indeed possible -- at least with a plugged cue ball, but that cue ball will have to have been compromised with age and abuse, methinks.
-Sean