Welcome!
I predict you will become a very good player. You have lot of questions and learning/practicing these things will give you an advantage over the next player.
So "Learn all you can!"
There is a lot of "brain power" on this forum. I would suggest asking specific questions, ask one question at a time, and put the topic in the title. Like: How to avoid scratching on 8? (For a title.) Then you will get all sorts of advice on that one specific topic.
And when you ask questions, I assure you there are plenty of others here who want to know the same things. Or may know a little and reading the answers to your question will give them more knowledge. Anyway there is no such thing as a dumb question here, so ask away!
So far as getting to where you can break and run...
1. You need a good break which spreads the balls evenly all over the table. No clusters, and leaves the cue ball in the central area of the table. And of course make at least one ball. With the cue ball left in the center of the table (and playing BCA open after break rules), you will more likely have a shot at a solid or a stripe. This can mean the difference between being able to run out or not. Note that I have been working on my break for 2 years and am still not happy with it! I can get a good spread, but cue ball not in center of table. Or get cue ball in center of table, but there are some clusters. Or as I frequently do, get a good spread - no clusters, cue ball central area of table, but don't make a ball on the break! Arrggg! (Some things take a long time to work on.) Also I break with the cue ball in the center of the table and shoot below center on the cue ball. Try to get the cue ball to come straight back after your break. Everytime.
2. Being able to run out. This is speed control (shoot at an exact speed to get cue ball to stop where you want after hit), 30/90 degree rules, learning about using english and squirt (cue ball deflection, low deflection cues, backhand/fronthand english, etc.), follow, stun (stop shot), draw, etc. For now I would suggest NOT using english (hitting side of cue ball), but use follow, stop - stun, and draw to leave the cue ball for your next shot. Also get the following DVD which will teach you how to avoid scratching with the 30 and 90 degree rules...
The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards...
http://www.engr.colostate.edu/~dga/pool/cd_dvd/dvd_description.html
Get this video on how to run out with 8-ball...
(The Art of 8-Ball by Jimmy Reid)
http://www.poolvideo.com/pv250.htm
So far as the miscues, I see you have a Predator cue. Predator says to use a dime shaped tip...
See shape your tip...
http://www.predatorcues.com/predator_cues_tech_tips.html
Get dime shaped shaping tool here...
http://www.excel.net/~mniver/products.html
I use a Moori (pig skin) hard dime shaped tip. I lightly scuff it with the dime shaped sandpaper shaping tool after about every 8 hours of play. I chalk before EVERY shot, especially around the edges of the tip.
The tip is the business end of the cue. Price is no object for the best tip. I take good care of my tip! Chalk well, especially around edges of tip before each shot. After chalking, examine tip under light. Any dark spots? If yes, chalk again. If still dark spots, lightly scuff tip with dime shaped sandpaper shaping tool. The tip with chalk on it should look "pretty"! A nice smooth even coating of chalk all the same color like brand new carpeting.
Then stroke....
Find the best instructor in your area and take lessons on stroke. The best instructor might not be the best player! But ask the best players who the best instructor is. If several say the same person, that is it!
A bit of advice... Work on one thing at a time. Say follow shots. Maybe work on that for a few months and get very good at that one thing. Then move on to something else. Also practice what you are not good at. If you miss a shot, set up that same shot and practice it over and over. 100 times if necessary.
For runout practice, you need to be able to run 3 balls! After learning the 30 and 90 degree rules, follow, stun, and draw, then throw 3 balls on the table. Take ball-in-hand with the cue ball and place it anywhere you want. Shoot the first ball in so you leave the cue ball in a good spot to shoot in the second ball AND after shooting in the second ball, you will be able to leave the cue ball for an easy shot on the 3rd ball.
This is not easy. Got to know where the cue ball will go after your shot, use the 30/90 degree rules, follow, stun, and draw, to get the cue ball to go where you want, and be able to shoot with the exact speed (speed control) to get the cue ball to stop where you need it. This can take years to learn, but again, work on one thing at a time...