Again, I am no expert, but in order for the cue ball to deflect or squirt, the tip end of the shaft has to flex a bit. It can never be picked up by the human eye, but somewhere minutely the tip rotates slightly to one side. That's why carbon fiber shafts don't deflect as much is because the tip end does not rotate as much as a maple shaft. This is also why people like the feel of a maple shaft because that slight tip rotation sends signals back to the shooter's hands and of course to his brain. In order to feel a difference between the two shafts, they have to react different when contacting the cue ball. I define torque as, and I may be wrong, as the tip end of the shaft flexing and flexing back to neutral. That Flex throws the cue ball, at least in my opinion, ever so slightly, and I call that "back and forth', torque.