In general, the decrease in deflection is achieved by lowering the mass in the front end of the shaft. Lighter front end on the shaft "gives way" to the greater weight opposed to it (cue ball). Predator & OB shafts are hollowed out in the 1st x# of inches behind the tip/ferrule.
If you'll peruse the OB Cues and/or Predator sites, there's a lot of info.
As for re-tapering a shaft, and it's end effect...can of worms. Already belabored, but you might float that question in the Ask The Cuemaker area of the forum and see what else comes to the surface.