It all depends on how one defines "intelligence", and as previously noted there are many kinds besides what we call "book smarts". The spatial perception necessary to play pool at a high level is in itself, without question, a type of intelligence. Further, few on this forum would disagree that every game of pool requires, to be played properly, a sophisticated process of problem-solving and decision-making whether one is running out or choosing the smart safety based on the percentages. Lastly, the successful warrior on the green or tournament blue felt is often the one with the best abilities in analyzing skill sets and managing human relations. How many of us know (or are) one of those people who are bright folks otherwise but can't negotiate anything but a losing game to save their life?
So yes, at least in some ways, at that particular time, your winning opponent may be "smarter" or more "schooled" than you are. It doesn't mean that you can necessarily trust them to write a coherent sentence or do your taxes, but it does mean that in certain forms of intelligence and/or talent necessary for sucess in the pool world, they may be "double" or "triple" smart.