The 1098 Ball Proof
Place 22 balls
evenly spaced along the 50" rail so that the end balls are both in the corner of the table (touching both rails).
The distance between balls centers should be
d = 47.75/21 =~2.2738095238095238095238095238095 inches
Place the 21 balls in the next row so each ball is in contact with 2 of the balls in row 1.
Let the distance between the parallel rows of balls be called
a...
and
a = sqrt( 2.25^2 - .5 *
d) =~1.9416352804680586159754603442379 inches
Place 49 rows of balls in this manner, alternating 22, 21, 22, 21, etc.
49 rows of balls = 25x22 + 24x21 = 1054 balls
The rectangular space taken up by these balls is the full 50" width of the table by length
L
L = 48
a + 2.25 =~95.44849346246681356682209652342 inches
What is significant here is that there is now ~4.55" x 50" of felt left. More than enough to arrange 2 additional rows containing 22 balls each or 44 more balls for a grand total of
1098.
The spreading of the rows to use all 50" of the table allows the distance
a here to be a tiny bit smaller than in Brains example where the balls are tight.
His value for
a = 2.25 x sin 60 = 1.9485571585149869552183771341941
The difference per row is less than 7 thousands of an inch, but it gets you one more ball on the table.
I patiently await my $100.
Added pic: Gaps between balls exaggerated for clarity