I have recently read and watched quite a lot about CTE without any pre-existing knowledge about it.
What I think it boils down to is, as stated multiple times on these forums by various people, that CTE is mathematically imperfect on it's own, such that if you don't do any adjustments (subconscious or not), it won't work well.
However, if you aim with CTE, but do allow adjustments (subconscious or not, doesn't matter for this point), it can work. But so can any other aiming system, so this doesn't really say anything special about CTE, just that any system can work well if you practice them long enough and allow the adjustments to happen at the end. If you are good enough, you can adjust from anywhere to the correct line, no matter what you did beforehand.
So, why do many good players use CTE then? I believe that there are two main reasons:
1. Familiarity/Experience. They are used to it, and it works well for them, because they've done it for so long and are familiar with it. They do the adjustments, either subconsciously or consciously, but feel that having CTE as a baseline works well for them, and they see no reason to change it.
2. Silencing the conscious mind. Now, this one is interesting. If a person believes thoroughly that CTE works with no adjustments needed, and they are not aware of any adjustments they are doing, yet do them either way, they will have an experience of an aiming system that requires no feel. This can actually be beneficial for some, since with this (objectively false) belief, your conscious mind thinks that no adjustments are needed, and therefore will never interfere with the subconscious when it comes to making the adjustments. This can lead to more consistency, since your subconscious is generally better at making small-scale adjustments. This is a good example of self-delusion sometimes leading to positive results. An interesting topic in many ways.