In classic psychology research, mental rotation is one of the spatial abilities where male–female differences have been reported most consistently. Large sex differences are especially found in mental rotation tasks, more than in many other cognitive domains.
For pool, this could matter because the game constantly requires players to imagine rotated table layouts, cue-ball paths, object-ball lines, tangent lines, cushion routes, and future ball positions. If these abilities are linked to performance, then persistent differences in mental rotation could be one of the reasons why female players, despite serious training and high commitment, are still rarely successful at the very top level in open competition compared with male players.