I live in Fulton, and I think I own the only decent pool table in the town, LOL. Columbia and Jefferson City are about the same distance, and each town has a couple of places to play. In Jeff there is a place called Mike's Corner Pocket and a place called Spectators. Both are downtown, and AFAIK both have big tables and small tables. Halfway between Fulton and Columbia on I70 is a town called Millersburg, and they have a bar with 12-15 Diamond bar boxes and two Gold Crowns. In Columbia there are two places downtown. One is called Booches, and is a small place with a few antique tables. They do have two snooker tables and a billiard table if you are into that. The nicest place in Mid-MO is Billiards on Broadway - they have 8 or 10 Gold Crowns and a couple of Valley boxes. The food is good, and there is usually a decent crowd in there. The places in Columbia are non-smoking.
Action is very sparse in the area, but if you want to give me a little info about your speed and what you are looking to play for, I might be able to find you a game or two. Or, if you are into ring games, I might be able to rally enough troops to put one together somewhere on Friday night. Feel free to PM me - I check it often on weekdays.
Aaron