The European system is a meritocracy and the criteria for making the team were announced in the winter by Johan. If memory serves, top ranked Eurotour player Mark Gray and top WPA ranked player Niels Feijen were assured spots based on competitive performance, and Ekonomopoulos locked up his spot when he came third at the US Open. Appleton and Boyes got wild cards, I suspect due to their impressive win at the World Cup of Pool. Everybody who got a spot on the 2014 Team Europe earned it through competitive excellence in 2014.
Your second and third questions are not questions of any import, and certainly not questions of any relevance to the European system, a system that has been working for many years now. If you are asking how anybody would have known that Shane would go winless in singles in consecutive Mosconi Cups, I say it's trivial. We need to send our best and even though Shane has a bad history in the Mosconi, his competitive credentials away from the Mosconi say he must be on the team.
The European system ensures the participation of players in form, the US selection system this year did not. Europeans knew what they had to do and in which events they'd have to participate in to earn their way onto the team, Americans did not.
As an example, an American coach could announce that he'd pick his top three based on performance at Derby City 9-ball, Super Billiards Expo, Turning Stone, Steinway and the US Open. After that, he'd pick two wild cards, also performance based. That would have made our system more comparable to the European system.
As long as the European system is a meritocracy and ours is not, we can expect to be less ready for battle than them every single year.