He made a few bold statements he didn't even TRY to support
Researchers also found at one point that leaded gasoline causes no negativw environmental kmpact. Funnily enough, that research was paid for by the petroleum industry.
Really? What researchers? When? What was the prevailing view of the scientific community at the time?
Sigh.. You're being intentionally dense on this. Yes, I did get rather flamboyant in my claims of "all" research being for pay, but the point stands.... If you are being funded by a political entity that has a strong agenda, and you don't find the result that agenda is looking for, then "in a number of cases" (better?) you don't get your grant renewed, and the political entity then claims "budgetary problems" or similar, and the research community tends to get the message on what is "expected".
But, on to your specific question.
The Rise and Fall of Leaded Gasoline
A certain "researcher" (Oh Dear!!), a certain C. Lowig in 1853 invented a process for the production of triethyllead salts. This did not get much interest until between 1915-1925, detailed study of organolead chemistry wasundertaken by Gruttner and Krause. (I assumed this wasn't just "Jed and Cletus" in their backyard just throwing together household goods? Perhaps they were......"researchers"?)
These organoleads were found to have perty durned good anti-knock properties by Thomas Midgley and his colleagues at the General Motors Research Laboratory in 1921. (great googlemoogley!! There's that "research" word again!!!)
Direct quote from the article, in with no less than the New York Times heaps praise upon this discovery:
The importance of this discovery was nicely articulated by the
following exerpt from the New York Times (9 January 1937) published on the
day when Dr Midgley received the Perkin Medal: "Midgley's work resulted in
the creation of the entire ethyl gasoline industry with all that it implies -- use
of higher compression engines, greater flexibility of automobile operation and
other advances. Tetraethyllead in motor fuels adds fifty times as much
horsepower annually to American civilization as that which will be supplied by
Boulder Dam" (cited by ref. 11). Today, as in 1923, there is still no other
octane-improver additive or process that competes economically with lead
antiknock compounds.
Now, I had to look up the Perkin Medal, because it kinda sounded like something of a big deal, but then again, "I ain't no fancy schmancy scientists, such as yourself".
(though... it is me as a non-scientist bringing this obvious and egregious abuse of research science to your attention... curious)
What I found about the Perkins Medal -
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkin_Medal
The Perkin Medal is an award given annually by the Society of Chemical Industry (American Section) to a scientist residing in America for an "innovation in applied chemistry resulting in outstanding commercial development." It is considered the highest honor given in the US chemical industry.
Sounds very "scientificky" to me... Kinda like all the scientists were having a big group hug, dontchaknow?
Now, here's the REAL home run... After this, I am just gonna wrap up this post and stew in my own self-satisfaction...
From the book by Nickerson, S. P., “Tetraethyl Lead: A Product of American Research' - a semi-quoted synopsis (as I can't copy directly from this particular google book upload)
"Mr. Frank Howard of Standard Oil had been interested in Mr. Midgley's research in the anti-knock properties of organolead compounds, and Dr Edward B. Peck, a research chemist at Standard Oil suggested that Dr. Charles A. Kraus, of Clark University, who had extensive experience with organolead compounds, should be consulted."
DIRECT quote here from that book -
"Standard Oil employed Kraus as a consultant, although he remained at the university to continue his research."
Yeah.. So now he is getting paid as a "consultant" by an organization which stands to profit greatly from his research..... As long as the compound is deemed "safe".
So.... Do you see NOW, my inherent distrust that all research is on the up-and-up. This Dr. Kraus was a research scientist at the forefront of his field, and all of a sudden a "benefactor" stepped in, likely paying him many times his salary in "consulting fees". If the product WORKS, you really think he put much effort into the part of his research that determined whether the leaded compounds would be re-released into the atmosphere upon burning, and what the negative consequences might be?
In short, there is a metric shite-ton of "Dr" this, and "researcher" that dotted throughout the debacle of the rise and fall of leaded gasoline. Doesn't matter if scientists ultimately brought about it's fall.. They also brought about its rise. And the science was surely compromised at first in the name of profits, and it was only other scientists looking to make a name that amounted enough evidence to defeat the special interests. The entire point of this research was to boost octane so the autombile could build, large, powerful engines to fuel the American consumer's thirst for power and speed. Prior to this, smaller, MUCH more efficient engines (but less powerful) had been designed, but were being shipped to Japan. Scientists, and their invention of a method to put lead into gasoline, basically delayed the adoption of smaller, more eco-friendly gasoline engines for decades. No thought as to whether what they were doing was SAFE... But was it PROFITABLE? Pardon me if I sneer in their general direction for a moment. And that of those who put their faith blindly in scientists. (Note, I fully support SCIENCE, but understand that SCIENTISTS are a weak link, as they are human, and therefore, for sale.)
And to me, for every scientist out there looking to make the world a better place out of a pure sense of human compassion, there are 5 more looking to make a name for themselves, or to ally themselves with big companies to make lots of money.
This leaded gasoline is but a single example of the downsides of science, and an illustration that (practical, not idealistic) science CAN be (and periodically, verifiably, IS) a pay-for-play deal. Stuff like this is the only reason global climate change is still debated, because of the failures of scientists to stand strong in the face of easy corporate money.