It's a catch 22. A pool room has a very high % fixed cost. The variable cost is negligible by comparison. Very similar to a golf course. Volume is everything. You make money off of " monied" people. Problem is, the per square foot cost of floor space in and around higher tier demographics is substantially higher. The more well to do Customers you want to attract aren't going to the seedier areas to play pool. The pool halls can't get a high enough pool fee to justify locating in the nicer areas. Bottom line, I think it will become increasingly more difficult for a pool only/primarily business to survive.
Out of that 21 million pool playing number, what % are primarily league players? I'll bet it is 75% or higher. Assuming that is true, the answer is rather obvious, I.e., you have to figure out how to attract and profit from the leagues. Unfortunately, that still leaves the challenge of how to create revenue from 10 am to 7 pm.
I think one thing that needs to happen is for the facility to be vertical to decrease the per sq foot cost. Perhaps the 2nd story is primarily the more hard core pool where the first story may have a smaller number of bar boxes. That facility needs to be located in a reasonably nice, safe location near enough to the higher end demographic so the money will find it easy to go there. With that said, it must offer alcohol, good quality "bar food" and excellent service. The owner has to be creative. How about afternoon retiree leagues? How about a Monday afternoon Women's league?
My experience in business is if you offer a good product with great service in a decent, accessible, safe location, you will prosper. To be absolutely blunt, most pool rooms I've seen don't come across as being very friendly to your casual pool player. They're generally located in areas I wouldn't be in for any other reason. The service generally sucks, it would be better if it could be self serve. Here's another way to view it. If that pool hall were a restaurant, in the same location, with the same quality level of food and service, it would be out of business inside of a month. So why should it expect to survive as a pool hall?
I think you bring up some great points. The only pool halls I've been in that pack a crowd, focus on food, liquor and other forms of ENTERTAINMENT. They realize they're competing with Entertainment choices/time that potencial customers have.
Unfortunately the entertainment houses that also have a quantity of pool tables can be loud and distracting to serious players. But I don't think the serious players attract more clientele. Not saying they repel them either. The distraction doesn't have to be the case.
One joint I remember that had to close because of rent was Shakesperes in Denver. A wonderful clean upscale place with tons of pool tables, a snooker table and 4 3cushion. They also had a full bar and restaurant with a full time real chef, plus a Piano Bar. Jerry Karsh really did it right and in the right location. He took a stab at doing it again but in the end decided he really didn't want to start all over again at his age.
Those that were never there can imagine the expense of this place. 25 -30 European tables, rent, supplies......... He was successful while it lasted and found the means to fund it in the beginning. I believe his vision was to compete with the Denver Athletic Club.